To reproduce my problem, please use the official iris-example and add this to catalog.yml.

example_iris_data_gz:
  type: pandas.CSVDataSet
  filepath: data/02_intermediate/iris.csv.gz
  load_args:
    header: null
    compression: gzip
  save_args:
    index: null
    compression: gzip

and add a node which load the example_iris_data and export the example_iris_data_gz. Here I added the new node

def compression(df):
    return df

and added it to the pipeline as:

node(
                compression,
                'example_iris_data',
                'example_iris_data_gz',
                name='compression'
            )

Then run

kedro run --from-nodes='compression'

There is a warning message as:

C:\Users\fanzi\anaconda3\envs\kedro\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\common.py:609: RuntimeWarning: compression has no effect when passing a non-binary object as input.
  ioargs = _get_filepath_or_buffer(

Finally get a iris.csv.gz file that is actually only a text file.